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1 Wollaston-Draht
m < mat> ■ Wollaston wire -
2 Wollaston, William Hyde
SUBJECT AREA: Metallurgy[br]b. 6 August 1766 East Dereham, Norfolk, Englandd. 22 December 1828 London, England[br]English chemist and metallurgist who discovered palladium and rhodium, pioneer in the fabrication of platinum.[br]Wollaston qualified in medicine at Cambridge University but gave up his practice in 1800 to devote himself to chemistry and metallurgy, funded from the profits from making malleable platinum. In partnership with Smithson Tennant, a friend from his Cambridge days, he worked on the extraction of platinum by dissolving it in aqua regia. In 1802 he found that in addition to platinum the solution contained a new metal, which he named palladium. Two years later he identified another new metal, rhodium.Wollaston developed a method of forming platinum by means of powder metallurgy and was the first to produce malleable and ductile platinum on a commercial scale. He produced platinum vessels for sulphuric acid manufacture and scientific apparatus such as crucibles. He devised an elegant method for forming fine platinum wire. He also applied his inventive talents to improving scientific apparatus, including the sextant and microscope and a reflecting goniometer for measuring crystal angles. In 1807 he was appointed Joint Secretary of the Royal Society with Sir Humphry Davy, which entailed a heavy workload and required them to referee all the papers submitted to the Society for publication.Wollaston's output of platinum began to decline after 1822. Due to ill health he ceased business operations in 1828 and at last made public the details of his secret platinum fabrication process. It was fully described in the Bakerian Lecture he delivered to the Royal Society on 28 November 1828, shortly before his death.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsFRS 1793.BibliographyHis scientific papers were published in various journals, nearly all listed in the Royal Society Catalogue of Scientific Papers.Further ReadingThere is no good general biography, the best general account being the entry inDictionary of Scientific Biography.D.McDonald, 1960, A History of Platinum from the Earliest Times to the Eighteen- Eighties, London (provides a good discussion of his work on platinum).M.E.Weeks, 1939, "The discovery of the elements", Journal of Chemical Education: 184–5.ASDBiographical history of technology > Wollaston, William Hyde
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3 нить
cable текст., filament, ( в прецизионных приборах) hair, strand, thread, yarn* * *нить ж.
filament, ligamentарми́рованная нить — reinforced filamentвиско́зная нить — viscose filamentвихрева́я нить аргд. — vortex line, vortex filamentволласто́новская нить — Wollaston wireдальноме́рная нить ( в нитяном дальномере) — stadia hairнить кана́та ( в производстве канатов) — yarnкапро́новая нить — kapron threadква́рцевая нить — quartz fibreко́конная нить — cocoon filamentко́рдная нить — cord threadнить ла́мпы нака́ливания — filamentнить ла́мпы нака́ливания, бифиля́рная — coiled-coil filamentтексти́льная нить — fibreтексти́льная, иску́сственная нить — manmade fibreтексти́льная, кручё́ная нить — twisted fibreтексти́льная, натура́льная нить — native fibreуто́чная нить — shoot wireэлемента́рная нить — filament* * * -
4 нить волластоновская
<tech.> Wollaston wireРусско-английский технический словарь > нить волластоновская
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5 болометр с нитью Волластона
Metrology: Wollaston-wire bolometerУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > болометр с нитью Волластона
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6 волластоновская нить
Engineering: Wollaston wireУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > волластоновская нить
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7 волластоновская нить
( тончайшая кварцевая нить для физических приборов) Wollaston wire физ.Русско-английский научно-технический словарь Масловского > волластоновская нить
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8 нить
ж. filament, ligament
См. также в других словарях:
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